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Chemistry Chapter 1-2 Test

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
 

 1. 
The conditions of an experiment that do not vary from sample to sample are called controls.
 

 2. 
Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it goes through.
 

 3. 
When conducting an experiment, you should only manipulate one variable at a time.
 

 4. 
When moving from a small unit, such as grams, to a larger unit, such as kilograms, the numerical value will increase.
 

 5. 
A circle graph is most commonly used when the data is in the form of percentages.
 

 6. 
In most line graphs, the dependent variable is placed along the X-axis.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 7. 
Which is the part of an experiment that serves as the point of comparison for the results?
a.
hypothesis
c.
constant
b.
independent variable
d.
control
 

 8. 
Which is a quantitative measurement?
a.
hardness
c.
taste
b.
color
d.
temperature
 
 
A student conducts an experiment to determine the effect of adding salt on the boiling temperature of water. The results are shown below.
SampleAmount of SaltBoiling Temperature
Sample 10 g100.0° C
Sample 22 g102.3° C
Sample 35 g104.8° C
Sample 410 g107.5° C
 

 9. 
Which is a value that should remain constant for all samples in this experiment?
a.
Amount of salt added
c.
Boiling temperature
b.
Volume of water
d.
Time required for water to boil
 

 10. 
Which is the control in this experiment?
a.
Sample 1
c.
Sample 3
b.
Sample 2
d.
Sample 4
 

 11. 
Which is a reasonable hypothesis for this experiment?
a.
If salt is added to water, the water will boil at a higher temperature
b.
Salt makes water boil
c.
If water is boiling, it must have salt added to it
d.
If salt is added to water, the water will get cloudy
 

 12. 
Which of the following properties of matter can be explained on a submicroscopic level?
a.
Structure
c.
Behavior
b.
Composition
d.
All the above
 

 13. 
What do scientists call a summary of accepted facts of nature?
a.
hypothesis
c.
existing knowledge
b.
scientific theory
d.
scientific law
 

 14. 
Which of the following series of scientific steps is most likely in the correct order?
a.
scientific law, experiment, theory
c.
observation, theory, experiment
b.
hypothesis, theory, experiment
d.
observation, hypothesis, experiment
 

 15. 
Which kind of graph would be best to use with these data?
Amount of Salt added0 g2 g5 g10 g15 g
Boiling temperature, °C99.7101.2102.4106.9108.3
a.
Line graph
c.
Bar graph
b.
Circle graph
d.
None of the above
 

 16. 
The accepted value is 29.35. Which correctly describes this student’s experimental data?
TrialMeasurement
129.48
228.97
329.27
a.
accurate but not precise
c.
both accurate and precise
b.
precise but not accurate
d.
neither accurate nor precise
 

 17. 
Which term is described as the amount of matter in an object?
a.
density
c.
mass
b.
volume
d.
length
 

 18. 
Which term describes the amount of mass contained per unit volume?
a.
mass
c.
length
b.
temperature
d.
density
 

 19. 
An object has a mass of 26.94 grams and a volume of 2.568 cubic centimeters. What material is it likely to be made of?
Substanceirongoldsilvercopper
Density (g/cm3)7.87419.3210.498.92
a.
Iron
c.
Silver
b.
Gold
d.
Copper
 

 20. 
The accepted value for a quantity is 5.67 g. If the measured value is 5.89 g, what is the percent error?
a.
1.04%
c.
3.74%
b.
3.74%
d.
3.88%
 

 21. 
Which is the correct value for the prefix deci-?
a.
one-tenth
c.
hundred
b.
ten
d.
one-thousandth
 

 22. 
Which is the value associated with the prefix nano-?
a.
one-millionth
c.
one-thousandth
b.
one-billionth
d.
billion
 

 23. 
Which is the product of these numbers, to the appropriate number of significant digits?
56.2 ´ 9.2057 =
a.
517
c.
517.36
b.
517.4
d.
517.00
 

 24. 
A bottle contains 3.100 mL of a liquid. The total mass of the bottle and the liquid together is 6.300 g. The mass of the empty bottle is 4.240 g. What is the density of the liquid?
a.
0.665 g/mL
c.
1.505 g/mL
b.
1.368 g/mL
d.
2.032 g/mL
 

 25. 
What is the distance that light travels through a vacuum in 1/299 792 458 of a second?
a.
centimeter
c.
meter
b.
kilometer
d.
nanometer
 

 26. 
According to rounding rules for addition, the sum of 27.1, 34.538, and 37.68 is ____.
a.
99.318
c.
99.31
b.
99.3
d.
99
 

Short Answer
 

 27. 
Compare and contrast pure research and applied research.
 

 28. 
A student reports three trials to measure the density of an unknown metal. The percent error in these trials is given in the table.

Trial CountPercent Error
Trial 10.05
Trial 20.02
Trial 30.01

Indicate the Trial that has the most accurate value based on the percent error.
 

Problem
 

 29. 
A car covers a distance of 112.6 km in 1.8 h. Calculate its speed in meters per second.
 

 30. 
A student measures the length of a copper rod five times and records the data as:
a.    23.485 cm
b.    23.498 cm
c.    23.513 cm
d.    23.501 cm
e.    23.474 cm
The labeled value of the copper rod is 23.490 cm. Calculate the percent error for all the data recorded by the student.
 

 31. 
A vessel contains 30 mL of water. A sample of 5.0 g of copper metal is dropped into this vessel, raising the level of water in it to 40 mL. What is the density of the copper sample?
 

 32. 
Analyze the table and determine which student reported the most precise data.

TrialStudent A Data (Mass in grams)Student B Data (Mass in grams)
15.435.43
25.455.47
35.445.50
45.435.53
 

Essay
 

 33. 
Scientific methods may include three steps of study as listed below. Explain each step in detail.
a.     Hypothesis
b.     Theory
c.     Scientific law
 



 
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